Diagnosing and treating Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) can be challenging for many clinicians. The nature of the disorder requires that in order to effectively treat CAS, therapists must make a paradigm shift in their thinking, switching from a focus on language and sound production to thinking about movement gestures. Guidelines for evaluating pre-verbal and verbal children will be discussed and criteria for determining when to use therapy based on movement will be elucidated.